#  Late semester assignments: Recognizing merit through collaboration 

 



   ![Guinier](/sites/g/files/omnuum12666/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/vpl/files/lani_guinier_crop2.jpg?itok=_SyErLTH) 

 

**Lani Guinier,** **Bennett Boskey Professor of Law**, incorporates collaboration into her late semester assignments in order to provide opportunities for self-improvement and self-reflection. “By sharing perspectives and differing approaches, classmates can in some cases teach their students more effectively than the professor.”

## The benefits 

Whether encouraging [lecture course](http://hls.harvard.edu/academics/curriculum/catalog/default.aspx?o=65667) students to take their final exam in small groups or asking [seminar](http://hls.harvard.edu/academics/curriculum/catalog/default.aspx?o=70397) students to prepare and lead portions of late semester discussions, Guinier believes collaborative endeavors show students that understanding *how* to get the answer is as important as getting the answer.

## The challenges 

Guinier says that because merit is malleable, it is difficult to construct assignments that truly measure learning. The efficiency and quantifiable criteria of traditional tests are appealing, but do not wholly capture ability.



 

##  Takeaways and best practices 

 



 ### Collaboration combats competition.

Guinier finds that students gain confidence working together, “and they don’t worry that others know the answers that they don’t. It creates a climate in the classroom I find very effective and engaging.”



 

 ### Diverse perspectives yield stronger work.

When collaborating with others, students have to explain their perspective and opinions, which ultimately produces a stronger outcome. “People look at problems from very different perspectives, and it’s helpful to have to deal with those alternative interpretations.”



 

 ### Student-led learning is lifelong learning.

Guinier first employed a [group learning practice](http://www.jstor.org/stable/42893822) at the University of Pennsylvania where students helped to develop a seminar curriculum. She has continued the practice because it more accurately reflects the environment students will find upon graduation: “Your colleagues will give you feedback that can refine and expand your thinking. No matter how ‘smart’ you are, you alone may not know what your client needs.”



 

  

 

 

 

### Bottom line 

Collaborative classroom efforts help students leverage the strength of a group and reflect on their progress through the semester, countering the “fixed intelligence" narrative. “When you graduate, you’re not just going into a world where you’re going to work by yourself. Being with other people can be a very effective way of learning, but also an effective way to solve problems.”



 

##  Related research 

 



  [### Use of an Online Social Annotation Platform to Enhance a Flipped Organic Chemistry Course

 ](https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1mdq5o5/TN_cdi_openaire_primary_doi_3edf0cc0257f3e772cd7cb62f76426bd) An online social annotation platform, Perusall, was incorporated into a flipped organic chemistry course sequence. The platform provides an interactive chat enhanced with social media features that facilitates student engagement with each other as they... 

 

 

   [### Collaborative Online Annotation: Pedagogy, Assessment and Platform Comparisons

 ](https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1mdq5o5/TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_561f4103b464423d81e5a3fdee908a44) Annotating a text while reading is commonplace and essentially as old as printed text itself. Collaborative online annotation platforms are enabling this process in new ways, turning reading from a solitary into a collective activity. 

 

 

  

 

 [ More Research arrow\_circle\_right ](/intopracticeresearch) 

 

 

 

##  Related resource 

 



  [### Ask a Librarian

 ](https://ask.library.harvard.edu/) For questions related to course materials that may not be immediately available through social annotation tools like Perusall, Ask a Librarian. 

 

 

   [### Interested in hearing from a faculty member using Perusall?

 ](/links/interested-hearing-faculty-member-using-perusall) Interested in hearing from a faculty member using Perusall? Watch this video of Professor Eric Beerbohm from VPAL’s Debate as Pedagogy event explaining how he used the platform to launch class discussions. 

 

 

  

 

 [ More Resources arrow\_circle\_right ](/intopracticeresources) 

 

 

 

 



 

 See also:- [ HLS ](/lawfaculty)
- [ Into Practice Issues ](/practice-categories/practice-issues)
- [ peer instruction ](/peerinstruction)
- [ collaborative learning ](/topics/collaborative-learning)